Licorice Root Extract Research | ||
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Licorice Root Extract is being studied for its anti-viral effects. In laboratory studies using cells, hen eggs and animals it has a protective effect against:
The quotations from recent research articles below indicate the current state of research on licorice root extract. | ||
Influenza and Licorice Root Extract |
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Article 1: "The antiviral effect of glycyrrhizin (GR), an active component of licorice roots, was investigated in mice infected with influenza virus A2 (H2N2). When mice that had been exposed to 10 50% lethal doses of the virus were treated intraperitoneally with 10 mg of GR per kg of body weight 1 day before infection and 1 and 4 days postinfection, all of the mice survived over the 21-day experimental period. At the end of this period, the mean survival time (in days) for control mice treated with saline was 10.5 days, and there were no survivors."
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Mar;41(3):551-6.
Glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, reduces morbidity and mortality of mice infected with lethal doses of influenza virus. Utsunomiya T, Kobayashi M, Pollard RB, Suzuki F. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA.
Article 2: "Glycyrrhizic acid, at doses well tolerated by the cells in monolayer cultures, inhibited the recovery of hemagglutinins from both Influenza and Newcastle Disease virus-infected embryonated hen eggs. Since the drug had no effect on viral viability and did not impair the hemagglutinating activity of the virions, the growth of viruses into the embryo tissues might be mainly affected. Late viral replication steps, rather than the early ones, appeared to be involved in the inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizic acid." Microbiologica. 1983 Jul;6(3):247-50. Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits influenza virus growth in embryonated eggs. Pompei R, Paghi L, Ingianni A, Uccheddu P. Article 3: "The outbreak of SARS warrants the search for antiviral compounds to treat the disease... We assessed the antiviral potential of ribavirin, 6-azauridine, pyrazofurin, mycophenolic acid, and glycyrrhizin against two clinical isolates of coronavirus (FFM-1 and FFM-2) from patients with SARS admitted to the clinical centre of Frankfurt University, Germany. Of all the compounds, glycyrrhizin was the most active in inhibiting replication of the SARS-associated virus." Lancet. 2003 Jun 14;361(9374):2045-6.Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Chandra P, Rabenau H, Doerr HW. Institute of Medical Virology, Frankfurt University Medical School, Paul-Ehrlich Str 40, D-60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Hepatitis and Licorice Root Extract |
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Article 1: "Glycyrrhizin, a major component of a herb (licorice), has been intravenously used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Japan and improves liver function with occasional complete recovery from hepatitis. This substance modifies the intracellular transport and suppresses sialylation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in vitro. This study was designed to clarify the pharmacological basis for its effectiveness. The structure-bioactivity relationship of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-monoglucuronide and glycyrrhetic acid was determined, and glycyrrhetic acid was found to be the most active of them. The amounts of three substances bound to the liver were evaluated in guinea pigs after intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-monoglucuronide were detected at concentrations of 31.8-1.3 micrograms/g of liver, but glycyrrhetic acid was not detected. When glycyrrhizin attained these concentrations in the cellular fraction of the PLC/PRF/5 cell culture, it suppressed the secretion of HBsAg as reported previously. These results indicated that glycyrrhizin administered intravenously might bind to hepatocytes at the concentration at which glycyrrhizin could modify the expression of HBV-related antigens on the hepatocytes and suppress sialylation of HBsAg." Antiviral Res. 1996 May;30(2-3):171-7. Therapeutic basis of glycyrrhizin on chronic hepatitis B. Sato H, Goto W, Yamamura J, Kurokawa M, Kageyama S, Takahara T, Watanabe A, Shiraki K. Department of Virology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Article 2: "Glycyrrhizin, a major component of a herb (licorice), has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis B in Japan. This substance improves liver function with occasional complete recovery from hepatitis; its effects on the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were examined in vitro. Glycyrrhizin suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and accumulated it dose-dependently in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Its action was further analyzed and determined in the HBsAg-expression system using the varicella-zoster virus. (It) suppressed the secretion of HBsAg, resulting in its accumulation in the cytoplasmic vacuoles in the Golgi apparatus area. HBsAg labeled with 35S-methionine and cysteine accumulated in the cells and its secretion was suppressed dose-dependently in glycyrrhizin-treated culture. The secreted HBsAg was modified by N-linked and O-linked glycans but its sialylation was inhibited dose-dependently by glycyrrhizin. Thus (it) suppressed the intracellular transport of HBsAg at the trans-Golgi area after O-linked glycosylation and before its sialylation. HBsAg particles were mainly observed on the cell surface in the glycyrrhizin-treated culture but not in the untreated culture. This suggests that asialylation of HBsAg particles resulted in the novel surface nature of glycyrrhizin-treated HBsAg particles. We elucidated the unique mechanism of action of (it) on HBsAg processing, intracellular transport, and secretion." J Hepatol. 1994 Oct;21(4):601-9. Effects of glycyrrhizin on hepatitis B surface antigen: a biochemical and morphological study. Takahara T, Watanabe A, Shiraki K. Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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HIV, Avian Influenza and Licorice Root Extract |
| Article 1: "Cell entry of enveloped viruses requires a wide-fusion-pore mechanism, involving clustering of fusion-activated proteins and fluidization of the plasma membrane and viral envelope. In the present study, GL (glycyrrhizin) is reported to lower membrane fluidity, thus suppressing infection by HIV, influenza A virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, but not by poliovirus. GL-treated HIV-1 particles showed reduced infectivity. GL also inhibited cell-to-cell fusion induced by HIV-1 and HTLV-I (human T-cell leukaemia virus type I). However, when cells treated with 1 mg/ml GL were placed in GL-free medium, they showed increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and HTLV-I fusion due to enhancement of membrane fluidity. The membrane dependence of GL and GL removal experiments suggest that GL does affect the cell entry of viruses. HIVs with more gp120 were less dependent on temperature and less sensitive to GL treatment than those with less gp120, indicating that the existence of more gp120 molecules resulted in a higher probability of forming a cluster of fusion-activated proteins." Biochem J. 2005 Nov 15;392(Pt 1):191-9. The broad anti-viral agent glycyrrhizin directly modulates the fluidity of plasma membrane and HIV-1 envelope. Harada, S. Department of Medical Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan. |
General Antiviral/Anti Herpes Simplex and Licorice Root Extract |
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Article 1: "Screening investigations in antiviral action of plant extracts have revealed that a component of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, found to be glycyrrhizic acid, is active against viruses. We report here that this drug inhibits growth and cytopathology of several unrelated DNA and RNA viruses, while not affecting cell activity and ability to replicate. In addition, glycyrrhizic acid inactivates herpes simplex virus particles irreversibly."
Nature. 1979 Oct 25;281(5733):689-90. Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles.
Pompei R, Flore O, Marccialis MA, Pani A, Loddo B.
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Natural-energy technology for living:Phosolar (phosphorescent solar electricity) |
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| Licorice Root Extract acknowledges Pubmed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) as source for research abstracts on Licorice. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Pregnant or lactating women, diabetics, hypoglycemics, and people with known medical conditions and/or taking medicines should consult with a licensed physician and/or pharmacist prior to taking dietary supplements. Contact | ||